This course examines fundamental philosophical questions concerning knowledge, belief, and value, emphasizing how these issues have been addressed across historical and contemporary contexts. Students analyze arguments, evaluate competing positions, compare theoretical frameworks, and examine the implications of differing perspectives. The course emphasizes methods of logical reasoning and argument analysis to foster clear understanding of and rigorous examination of arguments and claims across all areas of knowledge. Through close reading, structured discussion and written analysis, participants will assess the strengths and limitations of various perspectives.